Biomimetics and the restoration of the endodontically treated tooth / Biomimética e a restauração do dente tratado endodonticamente

Although much progress has been obtained in terms of the Endodontic treatment, the literature shows that true success can be only achieved with adequate coronal seal to avoid bacterial contamination, and protect the tooth structure from fracture. There are many options available to the clinician to restore the endodontically treated tooth; however, there is not much evidence available on what alternative is better than another. This review will critically present the current knowledge on restorative choices, including posts and endocrowns, showing advantages and disadvantages of different treatment forms. With this knowledge, we will also introduce the concept of biomimetics to endodontically treated teeth, and how the nature of their remaining tooth structure can benefit from this approach. This concept entails the use of mechanisms and biologically produced materials to restore a tooth in a way that would mimic its natural structure, with the purpose of achieving better long-term prognosis (AU)

Embora tenha se obtido progresso em relação ao tratamento endodôntico, a literatura mostra que o sucesso real só pode ser atingido com o selamento coronal adequado, para evitar-se a contaminação bacteriana e proteger-se a estrutura dental de fraturas. Há muitas opções disponíveis para o clínico para a restauração do dente tratado endodonticamente; entretanto, não há muita evidência disponível sobre qual alternativa é melhor que a outra. Esta revisão apresentará criticamente o conhecimento atual sobre opções restauradoras, incluindo retentores intraradiculares e endocrowns, mostrando vantagens e desvantagens das diferentes formas de tratamento. Com esse conhecimento, também introduziremos o conceito de biomimética, uma vez que dentes tratados endodonticamente, devido a natureza de sua estrutura dental remanescente, podem se beneficiar desta abordagem. Esse conceito envolve o uso de mecanismos e materiais produzidos biologicamente para restaurar um dente de forma a imitar a estrutura natural, com o objetivo de alcançar melhor prognóstico de longo-prazo.(AU)

Intentional Replantation to Rehabilitate and Preserve the Integrity of Maxillary Central Incisor with Complicated Crown En-masse Fracture.

The present case aims to describe the management of a complicated crown en masse fracture in a maxillary central incisor due to trauma by intentional replantation as the chosen treatment modality. Intentional replantation aiming towards successful endodontic therapy comprises intentional therapeutic extraction of the tooth and an endodontic procedure in a controlled environment followed by replantation. A 24-year-old female patient presented to the department with a chief complaint of broken upper front teeth following trauma. The teeth were tender on percussion. The periapical radiographic examination revealed a complicated fracture involving the pulp without significant periapical changes. A diagnosis of Ellis Class III was established and intentional reimplantation was planned with the patients consent. Following an atraumatic extraction, conventional root canal treatment was completed. Subsequently, a fibre-post was used to reinforce the tooth structure. The tooth was placed back into the socket and splinted. One year of follow up examination revealed absence of pain and periapical healing. The treatment yielded a clinical, aesthetic and functionally satisfactory result, establishing intentional replantation to be a feasible treatment option in complicated crown en masse fracture of the tooth.

Application of digital design combined with 3D-printing technologies in dental autotransplantation / 口腔疾病防治

Objective@#To evaluate the therapeutic effect of dental autotransplantation with the application of digital design combined with 3D printing of donor tooth models and recipient alveolar fossa model preoperatively.@*Methods@# Twelve cases that could not be retained due to tooth fracture or extensive absorption of alveolar bone were recruited in the study. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) data were imported into Mimics software for digital design, and the best-matched third molar was selected as the donor tooth. Replicas of the donor teeth and the recipient socket were printed out with three-dimensional (3D) printing technologies as a simulation model for recipient tooth socket preparation. During tooth autotransplantation, preparation of the recipient tooth socket and the donor tooth were guided by the 3D-printed replicas sequentially. Then, the donor tooth was implanted into the recipient tooth pocket. Patients were followed up at 3, 6 and 12 months after the operation, with CBCT examination to evaluate the status of bone reconstruction and periodontal ligaments at each time point. @*Results@#Twelve patients were transplanted with an autogenous third molar with the apical foramen completely closed. Among them, 7 patients had alveolar fossa infection before the operation, of which 1 had extensive resorption of the alveolar bone due to the infection. All 12 patients recovered well after the operation and were followed up for at least 12 months. In total, 11 caseswere successful in tooth autotransplantation with normal mastication, and 1 case had root resorption 14 months postoperation.@*Conclusion@#Digital design combined with 3D printing technology can assistin the selection of thebest-matched donor tooth and preparation of the recipient socket before tooth transplantation proceduresand reduce the extra-alveolar exposure time of the donor tooth and number of trial placementsintothe alveolar fossa. Thus, this combined strategy can effectively improve the outcome of dental autotransplantation.

Accuracy of cone-beam CT in detecting vertical root fractures in teeth with post-endodontic restorations: an in vitro study

The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of cone-beam CT (CBCT) for the detection of artificially created vertical root fractures (VRF) in extracted teeth restored with metallic (MP) and fiberglass (FGP) posts. After root canal obturation, 60 extracted human premolars were scanned by using the highest-resolution settings of a CBCT unit. Theprepared roots were randomly divided into three groups: group C (control group): non-restored and non-endodontically treated teeth (n = 20); group MP (n = 20); group FGP (n = 20). In all groups, 10 teeth were artificially fractured. Two external and independent observers blindly recorded the presence or absence of VRF. Sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, intra-and interobserver agreement were calculated. Kappa value for inter-and intraobserver agreement was 0.82 and 0.84 respectively, demonstrating goodagreement. The highest values for sensitivity (0.80 -0.90), specificity (1.00) and accuracy (0.90 -0.95) were found in the control group. The teeth with FGP restoration presented the lowest sensitivity (0.30 -0.50) and accuracy (0.60 -0.65) values. Both examiners had a good performance in the diagnosis of fractures in teeth with MP, with accuracy ranging between 0.85 -0.90. The presence of MP did not influence accuracy; however, the presence of FGP reduced the diagnostic capacity of CBCT.

TruNatomy: ¿un nuevo instrumento o un concepto diferente? / TruNatomy: a new instrument or a different concept?

La alta incidencia de fracturas dentarias producidas a distancia del tratamiento endodóntico ha llevado a desarrollar cambios en los procedimientos operatorios, con el objeto de conservar la mayor cantidad de estructura dentaria durante la terapia de conductos radiculares. En relación con esta idea, el sistema TruNatomy trabaja sobre el concepto de endodoncia mínimamente invasiva. Una zona altamente sensible a ser considerada es el área pericervical, delimitada 4 mm por encima y 4 mm por debajo de la cresta ósea. El objetivo del presente informe es analizar las propiedades y las características técnicas del sistema de instrumentación Tru- Natomy y los cambios conceptuales que su utilización implica (AU)

The high incidence of dental fractures in the long-term after endodontic treatment has led to analyzed how to change the endodontic procedures to preserve the dental structure during root canal therapy. The TruNatomy system was developed based on the concept of Minimally Invasive Endodontics. A highly sensitive zone to be considered is the pericervical area, restricted to 4 mm above and 4 mm below the bone crest. The objective of this report is to analyze the properties and technical characteristics of the TruNatomy instrumentation system and the changes in the concepts in the clinical treatment procedures as a result of its use (AU)

Influence of Vestibular Bevel on the Success of Traumatized Teeth Restorations: Single-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial - Preliminary Results with 6-Months Follow-Up

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the influence of cavosurface vestibular bevel (CSVB) application on the clinical success (CS) of class IV restorations of traumatized permanent teeth, the influence of the number of fracture angles and dental trauma recurrence (DTR) on the restorations retention rate (RRR) and incidence of pulp necrosis (PN). Material and Methods: Fifty-seven children and adolescents with enamel and dentin fractures requiring C-IV restorations were randomly allocated in groups with CSVB and without CSVB. The primary outcomes were the CS of restorations, evaluated using modified USPHS criteria, and the incidence of PN after a 6-months follow-up. As secondary outcomes, the influence of the number of fractured angles and the DTR on the RRR and on the incidence of PN were evaluated (p>0.05). Results: Of 57 children and adolescents, 74 teeth were restored, and 71 completed the six-month follow-up analysis. Teeth restored with and without CSVB displayed similar CS as well as the same incidence of PN (p>0.05). The number of fractured angles did not influence the RRR and DTR was not associated with PN (p>0.05). DTR was associated with a lower RRR (p<0.001). Conclusion: Cavosurface vestibular bevel did not influence the clinical success of Class IV restorations or incidence of PN after 6-months follow-up. DTR did not influence the incidence of pulp necrosis, but did negatively influence the restorations retention rate. The number of fracture angles did not influenced in the restorations retention rate.

Effect of object position in the field of view and application of a metal artifact reduction algorithm on the detection of vertical root fractures on cone-beam computed tomography scans: An in vitro study

PURPOSE: To assess the effects of object position in the field of view (FOV) and application of a metal artifact reduction (MAR) algorithm on the diagnostic accuracy of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) for the detection of vertical root fractures (VRFs). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty human single-canal premolars received root canal treatment. VRFs were induced in 30 endodontically treated teeth. The teeth were then divided into 4 groups, with 2 groups receiving metal posts and the remaining 2 only having an empty post space. The roots from different groups were mounted in a phantom made of cow rib bone, and CBCT scans were obtained for the 4 different groups. Three observers evaluated the images independently. RESULTS: The highest frequency of correct diagnoses of VRFs was obtained with the object positioned centrally in the FOV, using the MAR algorithm. Peripheral positioning of the object without the MAR algorithm yielded the highest sensitivity for the first observer (66.7%). For the second and third observers, a central position improved sensitivity, with or without the MAR algorithm. In the presence of metal posts, central positioning of the object in the FOV significantly increased the diagnostic sensitivity and accuracy compared to peripheral positioning. CONCLUSION: Diagnostic accuracy was higher with central positioning than with peripheral positioning, irrespective of whether the MAR algorithm was applied. However, the effect of the MAR algorithm was more significant with central positioning than with peripheral positioning of the object in the FOV. The clinical experience and expertise of the observers may serve as a confounder in this respect.

Tratamiento restaurador de lesiones dentales traumáticas. Reporte de tres casos clínicos / Restorative treatment of traumatic dental injuries. Report of three clinical cases

RESUMEN: Las lesiones dentales traumáticas (LDT) son comunes, siendo las principales causas: golpes por caídas u objetos, traumatismos deportivos, actividades físicas de ocio y accidentes automovilísticos. Casi todos los casos abarcan los dientes anteriores, con mayor frecuencia los incisivos centrales superiores. De las clasificaciones de LDT, se describe la propuesta por Andreassen y aceptada por la OMS en su «Clasificación internacional de las enfermedades¼ desde 1978. Sumando tecnologías a la práctica odontológica, el diseño asistido por computadora y la fabricación asistida por computadora (CAD/CAM), proporcionan al rehabilitador nuevas modalidades de tratamiento, mejorando el diseño y la aplicación de restauraciones cerámicas libres de metal, que a lo largo de la última década ha demostrado un buen desempeño clínico. Se presentan a la clínica de la Especialidad de Odontología Restauradora Avanzada, tres pacientes, de los cuales el primero se presentó en las primeras 48 horas luego de la LDT en centrales y lateral derecho; dos pacientes presentaban LDT de uno de los incisivos centrales, el primero un adulto de 28 años de edad con una evolución de cinco años y sin ningún tratamiento ejecutado aún; el segundo caso, un niño de nueve años de edad que se presenta con un tratamiento de sistemas de conductos con una evolución de seis meses.

ABSTRACT: Traumatic dental injuries (TDI) are very common, they are mainly originated from blows caused by objects or due to falls, sport injuries as well as injuries sustained during leisure activities and car accidents. Most cases involve anterior teeth, of which upper central incisors are more frequently affected. Andreassen's TDI classification, sanctioned by WHO in 1978 in «International disease classification ¼, is described here. When new technologies are incorporated into dental practice, computer-assisted design and computer-assisted manufacture (CAD/CAM) provide the restorative clinician with new treatment options, thus improving design and application of metal-free ceramic restorations, which, along last decade, have haven proven to provide suitable clinical performance. Three patients were treated at the Advanced Restorative Dental Graduate Program clinic. The first one sought treatment within the first 48 hours after TDI, in central and right lateral teeth; two patients exhibited TDI in one central incisor, the first one was a 28 year old male with a five year evolution of the injury and no previous treatment, the second case was a nine year old child who arrived having been subjected to root canal treatment, with a six month evolution.

Crown-Root Fractures in Primary Teeth: A Case Series Study of 28 Cases

Abstract Crown-root fractures in primary teeth are rare, with a wide variation of patterns that make diagnosis and treatment difficult. The aim of this study was to present a case series of crown-root fractures in primary teeth of children who attended a reference center. The study followed 28 cases of crown-root fractures in 26 children, representing 4% of the total number of attendees over 11 years of reference service at the Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil. In most cases, the maxillary central incisors (85.7%) were involved. In the crown, 57.1% of the cases had a simple line of fracture, and 42.9% had multiple lines. Simple lines predominated in the root (89.3%). In cases with simple fracture lines in the crown, 37.6% underwent a total extraction, 31.2% required a partial extraction and 31.2% underwent pulpectomy. In most teeth with multiple lines of fractures in the crown, total extraction was performed (91.7%) All cases were followed-up until the eruption of the permanent successor tooth, and all patients had favorable outcomes.

Resumo Fraturas coronorradiculares em dentes decíduos são raras, com uma ampla variação de padrões que dificultam o diagnóstico e tratamento. O objetivo deste estudo foi apresentar uma série de casos de fraturas coronorradiculares na dentição decídua de crianças atendidas em um centro de referência. O estudo acompanhou 28 casos de fratura coronorradicular em 26 crianças, representando 4% do número total de participantes ao longo de 11 anos no serviço de referência na Universidade Federal de Pelotas. Na maioria dos casos, o incisivo central superior (85,7%) foi o mais envolvido. Na coroa, 57,1% dos casos tiveram linha de fratura simples, e 42,9% tiveram múltiplas linhas. As linhas simples predominaram na raiz (89,3%). Nos casos com linhas de fratura simples na coroa, 37,6% foram submetidos à extração total, 31,2% necessitaram de extração parcial e 31,2% de pulpectomia. A maioria dos dentes com múltiplas linhas de fratura na coroa, a extração total foi realizada (91,7%). Todos os casos foram acompanhados até a erupção do dente permanente sucessor, e todos os pacientes tiveram resultados favoráveis.

Avaliação dos tratamentos propostos pelos dentistas em casos de fraturas coronárias / Evaluation of treatments plans for managment of crown fractures proposed by dentists

Introdução: a odontologia prioriza a manutenção e integridade dos dentes na boca e a ocorrência de traumatismos dentais vem dificultando o cumprimento desta meta, uma vez que suas consequências envolvem danos funcionais, estéticos, psicológicos, sociais e terapêuticos, além dos altos custos para a reabilitação e acompanhamento por longos períodos de tempo. Objetivo: avaliar o conhecimento dos cirurgiões dentistas da região metropolitana de Juazeiro do Norte sobre as condutas clínicas baseadas nos planos de tratamentos propostos por estes profissionais sobre fraturas coronárias com ou sem exposição pulpar. Método: a partir de um questionário descritivo, foram abordadas questões referentes ao perfil dos profissionais entrevistados e procedimentos empregados na conduta frente a fraturas coronárias. Setenta e cinco questionários foram devidamente preenchidos, sendo 34 mulheres e 41 homens. Resultados: dos entrevistados 13 relataram nunca terem atendido casos de trauma dental, 26% relataram serem incapazes de tratar todos os casos de traumatismo dentário. E mesmo a maioria tendo formação especializada, grandes dificuldades foram encontradas nos planos de tratamento propostos em relação a fraturas mais complicadas. Discussão: as lesões dentais traumáticas envolvendo tecidos duros e de sustentação podem representar padrões de cicatrização bastante complexos. As lesões traumáticas do tipo fraturas coronárias apresentam um prognóstico favorável para a manutenção da vitalidade pulpar em relação às fraturas coronárias complicadas. As fraturas corono-radiculares com ou sem envolvimento pulpar, foram as que apresentaram mais indicações inadequadas de tratamento, provavelmente por necessitarem de uma abordagem multidisciplinar. Conclusão: considera-se primordial a multidisciplinaridade durante a formação acadêmica do clinico geral, bem como o aperfeiçoamento ao atendimento a pacientes com trauma dental. (AU)

Introduction: Dentistry prioritizes the maintenance and integrity of teeth in the mouth and the occurrence of dental trauma is hampering the achievement of this goal, since its consequences involve functional, aesthetic, psychological, social and therapeutic damage, in addition to high costs for rehabilitation and monitoring for extended periods of time. Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the knowledge of dentists in the metropolitan region of Juazeiro do Norte on the clinical management based on treatment plans proposed by these professionals on crown fractures with or without pulp exposure. Methods: For that, starting from a descriptive questionnaire, some questions regarding the profile of inquired professionals and procedures used in the performance of treatment of crown fractures. Results: Seventy-five questionnaires were fully completed, 34 women and 41 men. Only 13 reported ever having met cases of dental trauma, 26% reported being unable to deal with all cases of dental trauma. And even most having specialized training, great difficulties were encountered in the proposed treatment plans for the most complicated fractures. Discussion: Traumatic injuries involving pulp and periapical tissues can represent very complex healing patterns. The crown fractures have a favorable prognosis for the maintenance of pulpal vitality in relation to coronary complicated fractures. The corono-root fractures with or without pulp involvement, were the ones that had more inadequate treatment, probably because they require a multidisciplinary approach. Conclusion: it is essential for multidisciplinary academic training of general practitioner as well as improving service to patients with dental trauma. (AU)

Resistencia a la fractura de dientes con raíces debilitadas usando postes con y sin relleno radicular. Revisión sistemática / Resistance to fracture of teeth with weakened roots using posts with and without root filling. A systematic review

Los dientes con paredes radiculares delgadas poseen un alto índice de fractura, por lo que es un reto encontrar el método ideal para proveerles resistencia. Para tal fin se utilizan postes con y sin relleno intrarradicular; pero aún no existe claridad acerca de la diferencia entre estas opciones terapéuticas. El objetivo de esta revisión fue comparar resultados de la evidencia sobre la resistencia a la fractura en dientes con raíces debilitadas reforzadas con postes con y sin relleno, luego de ser sometidos a fuerzas compresivas. Una búsqueda electrónica se realizó en las bases de datos (Medline, Embase, PubMed y Ovid), sin restricción por año o idioma, arrojando 148 artículos. La extracción de datos y la evaluación de calidad de cada artículo se realizaron de forma independiente por cada autor siguiendo los parámetros establecidos en la calibración. Finalmente se seleccionaron siete artículos que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión. Luego de la recolección de información y análisis, se concluyó que el incremento de la resistencia en dientes con raíces debilitadas se produce con el uso de postes intrarradiculares, aunque indistintamente si están o no acompañados de refuerzo radicular dentinal.

Teeth with thin root walls exhibit high fracture rate; it is therefore a challenge to find the ideal method to provide them with resistance. To this end, posts, either unfilled or filled with intra-root filling have been used, nevertheless, to this date, no certainty has been established on the differences among these therapeutic options. The main purpose of the present review was to compare evidence results on resistance to fracture of teeth with weakened roots which had been reinforced with either filled or unfilled posts, after being subjected to compressive forces. An electronic search was conducted in different databases (Medline, Embase, PubMed and Ovid). The search was unrestricted with respect to year or language. Aforementioned search produced 148 articles. Each author independently conducted data extraction and quality assessment of each article, following parameters established in calibration (gauging). Finally, seven articles meeting with inclusion criteria were selected. After information collection and analysis, it was concluded that resistance increase in root-weakened teeth was effected when intra-root posts were used, irrespectively of whether these posts had or did not have dentin root reinforcement material.

Postes colados: estudio clínico retrospectivo de 44 años en clínica privada especializada / Cast posts: a forty-four year retrospective clinical study in a specialized private practice

El objetivo de este estudio fue examinar el resultado clínico longitudinal de dientes endodónticamente tratados, rehabilitados con postes colados y una restauración coronaria, durante 44 años. Materiales y Métodos. En 130 pacientes seleccionados al azar, 95 presentaron 297 dientes rehabilitados con un poste colado y una restauración coronaria. El criterio de éxito fue que el diente rehabilitado permaneciera funcional sin patología clínica ni radiográfica. Resultados: Doscientos sesenta y ocho (90%) estaban en función y 29 (10%) habían fracasado. El Indice Kappa de Cohen, fue de 0.78 - 1. Conclusiones. El éxito clínico fue de 90%. La sobrevida media observada de los dientes estudiados fue de 19 años. La tasa de fracaso fue de 10%, siendo la fractura dentaria la falla más prevalente (5% de todos los dientes restaurados)...

The aim of this study was to examine the longitudinal clinical result of the use of cast posts and cores and crown restorations in endodontically treated teeth over a 44-year period. Materials and methods. Out of 130 randomly selected patients, 95 had had 297 teeth rehabilitated with cast posts and cores and crown restorations. The endodontic rehabilitation was considered successful when the tooth remained functional with no clinical or radiographic pathology. Results. The success rate was 90% (268) and the failure rate 10% (29). Cohen’s Kappa index ranged between 0.78 and 1. Conclusions. In this 44-year retrospective study, the clinical success rate was 90%. The mean survival time of the studied teeth was 19 years. The failure rate was 10%; tooth fractures were the most prevalent failures (5% of all restored teeth)...

Comparison of three adhesives'microtensile bond strength in the recovery of vertical tooth fracture in vitro / 实用口腔医学杂志

Objective:To compare the bonding strength of 3M Adper Easy One(3AEO),Clearfil S3 Bond(CSB)and Super-Bond C&B(SBCB)in vertical tooth fracture mode.Methods:30 freshly extracted human molars were randomly assigned to three groups(n =10).The teeth were cut along the long axis with low speed cutting machine and were prepared into a unified model of the vertical tooth fracture.The three adhesives were respectively used to adjoin the surface of the fractured teeth.The samples were subjected to thermal cycling for 500 cycles,stored in distilled water at 37 ℃ for 24 h.Then the pillar-like specimens with the bonding area of 1.0 mm × 1.0 mm were prepared.The microtensile bond strength was measured and the fracture mode was observed.Results:The bond strength (MPa)of 3AEO,CSB and SBCB was 18.57 ±4.98,16.93 ±4.70 and 22.75 ±5.18 respectively(P 0.05).Conclusion:The surface bonding of Super-Bond C&B in tooth fracture is stronger than 3MAdper Easy One and Clearfil S3 Bond.

Geometrical Salvage of Split Tooth.

Aims: Management of vertically fractured mandibular first molar by intra coronal splinting applying the finite centre of rotation effect of Pythagorus theorem. Case Presentations: A 28 year old male patient presented at the Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics with the chief complaint of pain in the lower right back region of the mouth since last the 10 days. Past dental history revealed that affected tooth had root canal treatment done two years ago. History of present illness was that pain was elicited on chewing, and applying pressure on that area, with occasional bleeding from the same region. Intraoral examination revealed that tooth 46 was tender on percussion with vertically fractured crown in mesiodistal direction. Periapical Radiograph revealed that tooth was endodontically treated, with radiolucencies at apical and furcal area, and visible fracture line in mesiodistal direction at CEJ level. Technique Used in the Study: The tooth was endodontically retreated and Pythagorus theorem was used to locate the centres of rotation on both buccal and lingual sides of tooth 46 coronally. The technique was followed by drilling a vent at the same position approximating a fibre post (3M, Relyxfibre post). The centres were different both for buccal and lingual aspects which when approximated will provide antirotation. The post was placed in the buccolingual direction and the tooth was restored with posterior composites after which the restoration was checked for any high points. Follow up of the case was done for the period of one year. Discussion: The concept of the estimation of the finite centre of rotation is like the primary objective in tightening a screw joint to generate an optimum preload that will maximize the fatigue life of the screw while offering a reasonable degree of protection against loosening. The major advantage of this approach is that the fragment was stabilized properly and there was healthy development of periodontium over the year. Conclusion: Usually the vertically fractured tooth have poor prognosis and may likely be referred for extraction if not stabilized properly. This case report emphasizes the basic concept of stabilization and preventing rotation around an axis which will give the fractured tooth a better longevity and avoid the vibrations during crown preparation. The combined effect will restore the patient’s own natural tooth back and minimizes the chances of periodontal complication.

Detection of horizontal root fracture using four different protocols of cone-beam computed tomography

The purpose of this study was to analyze four different cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) protocols to identify horizontal root fractures (HRF) in endodontically treated teeth, with or without the presence of a metallic post. Thirty extracted single-rooted human premolars were treated endodontically. Afterwards, an observer induced a horizontal fracture in 15 teeth. Each tooth was inserted in an empty mandibular socket and submitted to a computed tomography scan taken with and without the metallic post. The acquisition followed four different protocols, with different fields of view (FOV) and voxel sizes, as follows: FOV 6X16 cm/0.2 mm voxel; FOV 6X16 cm/0.25 mm voxel; FOV 8X8 cm/0.2 mm voxel; FOV 8X8 cm/0.25 mm voxel. Two observers checked all the acquisitions within a two-week interval, and the values of sensitivity, specificity, accuracy and kappa were calculated. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy values were better for the 8X8 cm/0.2 mm and 16X6 cm/0.25 mm protocols, ranging from 0.60 to 0.86 and 0.53 to 0.80, respectively. The intra- and interobserver concordance ranged from 0.65 to 0.72. The protocols where FOV and voxel were proportional showed better results. The 8x8 cm/0.2 mm protocol had the least interference from the metallic artifact. All four protocols showed a decline in values in the presence of the metallic artifact.

Resistencia a la fractura de dientes debilitados radicularmente rehabilitados con diferentes materiales / Fracture resistance of weak teeth with compromised roots rehabilitated with different materials

Resumen Introducción y objetivo: La preservación y restauración de dientes debilitados radicularmente se ha considerado como un procedimiento poco predecible debido a que existen factores que predisponen al fracaso. Esta condición se presenta frecuentemente y una alternativa para su rehabilitación es reforzar la superficie radicular para mejorar la estabilidad y retención del retenedor. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la resistencia a la fractura de dientes debilitados radicularmente reconstruidos con ionómero de vidrio en combinación con diferentes retenedores comparados con raíces debilitadas sin refuerzo radicular. Materiales y métodos: 60 premolares uniradiculares con similares características fueron seleccionados y divididos aleatoriamente en 6 grupos, 30 dientes fueron internamente debilitados a 1mm y posteriormente reforzados con ionómero de vidrio. Los especímenes fueron sometidos a carga compresiva en una maquina de ensayos universal Instrom con una angulación de 45°. Posteriormente se identificaron los sitios de fractura con ayuda de una lupa 4X de lente convergente a una distancia de 25 cm. Resultados: Resultados indicaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en relación a la condición radicular (P<0.05), demostrando que dientes con refuerzo radicular no mejora considerablemente la resistencia a la fractura. Conclusión: La conservación de la estructura dentaria es más importante que el tipo de refuerzo con materiales dentales. Las características físicas y químicas de los ionómeros permiten su empleo en zonas de socavado, sin aumentar la resistencia compresiva final de la estructura dentaria, brindando únicamente estabilidad del retenedor.

Abstract Introduction and objective: The preservation and restoration of weak teeth with compromised roots has been considered to be a slightly predictable procedure because there are factors that predispose to failure. This condition appears frequently, and an alternative to rehabilitation is to reinforce the radicular surface in order to improve the stability and retention of the retainer. The objective of this study was to evaluate the resistance to fracture of teeth with debilitated roots and reconstructed with glass ionomer combined with different retainers and compared with teeth with weakened roots without reconstruction. Materials and methods: 60 uniradicular premolars with similar characteristics were selected and divided randomly into 6 groups, 30 teeth were internally debilitated to 1mm and later reinforced with glass ionomer. The samples were submitted to a compressive load on an Instrom Universal Testing Machine with 45°angulation. Afterwards, fracture sites in each of the samples were identified using a magnifier 4X converging lens at a distance of 25 cm. Results: Statistically significant differences were observed regarding the root condition (P <0.05), demonstrating that teeth with root reinforcement did not improve significantly their resistance to fracture. Conclusion: The conservation of tooth structure is most important than the type of reinforcement with dental materials. The physical and chemical characteristics of the ionomers allow they can be used in undermined areas without increasing ultimate compressive strength of tooth structure, providing only stability of the retainer.

Effect of titanium and stainless steel posts in detection of vertical root fractures using NewTom VG cone beam computed tomography system

PURPOSE: Vertical root fracture (VRF) is a common complication in endodontically treated teeth. Considering the poor prognosis of VRF, a reliable and valid detection method is necessary. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) has been reported to be a reliable tool for the detection of VRF; however, the presence of metallic intracanal posts can decrease the diagnostic values of CBCT systems. This study evaluated and compared the effects of intracanal stainless steel or titanium posts on the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of VRF detection using a NewTom VG CBCT system. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighty extracted single-rooted teeth were selected and sectioned at the cemento-enamel junction. The roots were divided into two groups of 40. Root fracture was induced in the test group by using an Instron machine, while the control group was kept intact. Roots were randomly embedded in acrylic blocks and radiographed with the NewTom VG, both with titanium and stainless steel posts and also without posts. Sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy values were calculated as compared to the gold standard. RESULTS: The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of VRF diagnosis were significantly lower in teeth with stainless steel and titanium posts than in those without posts. Interobserver agreement was the highest in teeth without posts, followed by stainless steel posts, and then titanium posts. CONCLUSION: Intracanal posts significantly decreased the VRF diagnostic values of CBCT. The stainless steel posts decreased the diagnostic values more than the titanium posts.

Healing after horizontal root fractures: 3 cases with 2-year follow-up

Among dental traumas, horizontal root fractures are relatively uncommon injuries. Proper initial management and periodical evaluation is essential for the successful treatment of a root-fractured tooth. If pulpal necrosis develops, endodontic treatment is indicated, exclusively for the coronal fragment. Fragment diastases exert a great influence on healing at the fracture line and on pulpal necrosis. An adequately treated root-fractured tooth has a good prognosis. This case report describes the treatment and 2-yr follow up of 3 maxillary central incisors, first with horizontal root fracture, second with horizontal root fracture and avulsion, and third with horizontal root fracture and lateral luxation. All three cases were treated with mineral trioxide aggregate (ProRoot, Dentsply). During 2 yr of follow-up evaluation, the root-fractured teeth of the present patients were well retained in the arch, showing periodontal healing, even after endodontic treatment.

Restoring Esthetics in Traumatic Tooth Fractures with all Ceramic Restorations following Endodontic Therapy: A Series of Cases.

Earlier Metal ceramic crowns were the restorations of choice in the management of traumatic tooth fractures. However, the inherent drawbacks of metal ceramic restorations and the development of newer all ceramic alternatives have resulted in superior esthetic and functional management of these clinical situations. The following case series describes the management of traumatic tooth fractures with Zirconia based all ceramic restorations following endodontic therapy.

Rehabilitation of fractured tooth by a custom made fibre reinforced composite post / Rehabilitación del diente fracturado por un poste de resina reforzado con fibra

Management of traumatic injuries to the teeth is a challenge to the practising dentist. It has no prescriptive method for occurring, possesses no significant predictable pattern of intensity or extensiveness and occurring at times when dentists are least prepared for it. Ninety-two percent of traumatic injuries results in fracture of maxillary permanent central incisors because its protrusive and anterior positioning. The young permanent maxillary central incisor root canal chamber is large and tapered. This case report describes the management of Ellis Class III fractured tooth in a young permanent maxillary central incisor by an innovative clinical procedure...

El tratamiento de lesiones traumáticas de los dientes son un reto para el dentista. No tiene un método prescriptivo de ocurrencia, no posee ningún patrón predecible significativo de la intensidad o amplitud y se producen en momentos en que los dentistas están menos preparados para ello. El 92 por ciento de las lesiones traumáticas resultan en la fractura de incisivos centrales permanentes debido a su posición anterior y protrusiva. La cámara pulpar del canal radicular en el incisivo central superior permanente joven es grande y cónica. Este caso describe el manejo de un diente incisivo central superior permanente joven con fractura Ellis Clase III mediante un procedimiento clínico innovador...